With the development of nanotechnology, many researches have shown that nanometer-scaled materials especially TiO2 nanotube\nhave a positive effect on cellular behavior and surface characteristics of implant, which are considered to be crucial factors in\nosseointegration. However, it has not yet been verified which nanotube size is effective in osseointegration in vivo. The aimof this\nstudy was to evaluate the effect of implant surface-treated with different size of TiO2 nanotubes on osseointegration in rat femur.The\ncustomized implants (threaded and non threaded type), surface-treated with different diameter of TiO2 nanotubes (30 nm, 50 nm,\n70 nm, and 100nm nanotube), were placed on both sides of the femur of 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old). Rats were\nsacrificed at 2 and 6 weeks following surgery; then the specimens were collected by perfusion fixation and the osseointegration of\nimplants was evaluated by radiographic and histologic analyses and removal torque value test. The mean of bone area (%) and the\nmean of removal torque were different in each group, indicating that the difference in TiO2 nanotube size may influence new bone\nformation and osseointegration in rats.
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